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Symptoms - Pain



 by Grace Wang, Guardian Pharmacist

 

What is pain?

Pain is often defined as an unpleasant experience involving both physical and emotional components resulting from any actual or possible damage to any parts of the body. Pain is a common symptom of many medical conditions and is the leading reason for doctor’s consultation in most developed countries. 
 
 

What are the different types of pain?

The two common types of pain are nociceptive and neuropathic pain. Nociceptive pain is experienced when there is an actual injury or damage to body, either caused by thermal, mechanical or chemical injury. The body sends signals to the brain as such the person becomes aware of the injury and the source of the pain (e.g. back, leg or arm pains). Neuropathic pain is experienced when there is no obvious source of pain, but the body tells the brain that injury is present (e.g. numbness or tingling sensation at the tip of the fingers).
 
 

How long does the pain last?

Pain can either be acute or chronic depending on the duration of the pain. Acute pain is usually transient, with the painful sensation being resolved or minimized once the cause of the injury is removed. Pain that extends beyond the expected period as seen in certain medical conditions such as cancer or rheumatoid arthritis is referred to as chronic pain.
 
 

How to manage pain?

Besides managing the underlying causes, topical or oral painkillers can be used to reduce the pain. Paracetamol which can be found over-the-counter can be taken to relief mild to moderate pain. Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs, NSAIDs (e.g. ibuprofen) can be used to relieve pain that is accompanied by inflammation. Do seek advice from your healthcare professionals for recommendations.
 
 

When to refer?

Doctor’s referral is required if pain persists for more than 1 week with treatment or the pain is becoming more intense which affects the sleep or quality of life. Besides, medical advice should be sought if the pain is accompanied by other unusual symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, high fever and any signs of infection, or if the pain is chronic.
 

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